Comparison of Different Periodontal Healing of Critical Size Noncontained and Contained Intrabony Defects in Beagles / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Regenerative techniques help promote the formation of new attachment and bone filling in periodontal defects. However, the dimensions of intraosseous defects are a key determinant of periodontal regeneration outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of use of anorganic bovine bone (ABB) graft in combination with collagen membrane (CM), to facilitate healing of noncontained (1-wall) and contained (3-wall) critical size periodontal defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study began on March 2013, and was completed on May 2014. One-wall (7 mm × 4 mm) and 3-wall (5 mm × 4 mm) intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created bilaterally in the mandibular third premolars and first molars in eight beagles. The defects were treated with ABB in combination with CM (ABB + CM group) or open flap debridement (OFD group). The animals were euthanized at 8-week postsurgery for histological analysis. Two independent Student's t-tests (1-wall [ABB + CM] vs. 1-wall [OFD] and 3-wall [ABB + CM] vs. 3-wall [OFD]) were used to assess between-group differences.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean new bone height in both 1- and 3-wall intrabony defects in the ABB + CM group was significantly greater than that in the OFD group (1-wall: 4.99 ± 0.70 mm vs. 3.01 ± 0.37 mm, P < 0.05; 3-wall: 3.11 ± 0.59 mm vs. 2.08 ± 0.24 mm, P < 0.05). The mean new cementum in 1-wall intrabony defects in the ABB + CM group was significantly greater than that in their counterparts in the OFD group (5.08 ± 0.68 mm vs. 1.16 ± 0.38 mm; P < 0.05). Likewise, only the 1-wall intrabony defect model showed a significant difference with respect to junctional epithelium between ABB + CM and OFD groups (0.67 ± 0.23 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.28 mm, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>One-wall intrabony defects treated with ABB and CM did not show less periodontal regeneration than that in 3-wall intrabony defect. The noncontained 1-wall intrabony defect might be a more discriminative defect model for further research into periodontal regeneration.</p>

Effect of periodontal initial therapy on teeth with chronic periodontitis and secondary occlusal trauma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of subgingival scaling/root planning (SRP) and occlusal adjustment on clinical and occlusal parameters in teeth with chronic periodontitis and secondary occlusal trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis and occlusal trauma were included and randomly divided into group A and group B. On day 0, group A was treated by full-mouth subgingival scaling and root planning, and group B was treated by occlusal adjustment in occlusal trauma site. On day 28, group A was treated by occlusal adjustment in occlusal trauma site, and group B was treated by full-mouth subgingival scaling and root planning. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), bleeding index (BI) were evaluated on 0, 28 and 56 d, and the occlusal time (OT) and the percentage of occlusal force were evaluated on 0, 28 and 56 d in occlusal trauma site. The data was statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In baseline, the PD[(4.42 ± 1.41) mm vs (4.36 ± 1.38) mm], AL [(2.75 ± 1.32) mm vs (2.63 ± 1.37) mm] and BI [(2.20 ± 0.81) vs (2.24 ± 0.89)] of the full-mouth showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in PD [(5.21 ± 1.21) mm vs (5.08 ± 1.12) mm], AL [(4.94 ± 1.47) mm vs (4.89 ± 1.32) mm], BI [(2.61 ± 0.92) vs 2.50 ± 0.79)], OT [(1.29 ± 0.39) s vs (1.34 ± 0.35) s] and the percentage of occlusal force [(6.8 ± 2.1)% vs (7.4 ± 1.7)%] in occlusal trauma site between the two groups(P > 0.05). After SRP therapy, the PD,AL,BI and OT were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).The clinical parameters exhibited no significant difference after only occlusal adjustment(P > 0.05).On 56 d, the reduction in clinical parameters was not significantly different between the two groups(P > 0.05),however the reduction of OT and the change of the percentage of occlusal force in group A [(0.85 ± 0.41) s, (2.2 ± 2.2)%] were more significant than those in group B [(0.70 ± 0.38) s; (1.5 ± 1.6)%] (P < 0.05). After occlusal adjustment, the increase of OT in group A [(0.21 ± 0.11) s] was lower than that in group B [(0.67 ± 0.37) s]through the 28-day observation period (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Occlusal adjustment alone is inadequate for control and management of periodontitis.SRP therapy can eliminate the inflammation and decrease the OT of tooth with occlusal trauma.The combination of SRP and occlusal adjustment may achieve more stable results.</p>

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor on the proliferation, migration and adhesion of human periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human PDLSC were cultured in vitro using tissue culture method.The cells were cultured and incubated with various concentrations of FGF-2 and VEGF [A:α-MEM with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (control 1); B:A supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2; C:A supplemented with 10 µg/L VEGF; D:A supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2 and 10 µg/L VEGF; E:α-MEM with 10% FBS (control 2); F:E supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2; G:E supplemented with 10 µg/L VEGF; H:E supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2 and 10 µg/L VEGF]. Soluble tetrazolium salts assay was used to evaluate the proliferative capacity on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th d. Then the groups were changed according to result of the proliferation assay (control:α-MEM with 2% FBS; FGF-2 group:control supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2; VEGF:control supplemented with 10 µg/L VEGF; Combination group:control supplemented with 20 µg/L FGF-2 and 10 µg/L VEGF). The cell cycle, migration and adhesion capacities were evaluated using flow cytometer, soluble tetrazolium salts assay, cell adhesion assay and scratch wound-healing motility assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 2% volume fraction serum containing medium, FGF-2 and VEGF did not stimulate the cell proliferation. However, in 10% serum condition, in groups treated with FGF-2 for 3,5 or 7 d, the A value was (1.22 ± 0.17, 2.15 ± 0.19, 2.72 ± 0.11) respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (0.76 ± 0.16, 1.25 ± 0.06, 1.64 ± 0.09) (P < 0.01) while lower than that in the group treated with FGF-2 and VEGF in combination on the 5 th and 7 th d (2.46 ± 0.17, 3.18 ± 0.27) ( P < 0.05). The A value in the VEGF group on the 5 th and 7 th d is higher than the control group while lower than the FGF-2 group (1.66 ± 0.05, 2.13 ± 0.13) (P < 0.05). Flow cytometer showed that the proliferation index in VEGF group [(34.3 ± 2.0)% ] were significantly lower than those in FGF-2 [(46.8 ± 3.2)%] group and (FGF-2+ VEGF) group [(45.0 ± 4.0)%] but higher than in the control group [(14.5 ± 1.7)%] (P < 0.01). The cell migration assay indicated that the group stimulated with FGF-2 showed no migration promoted effect. Cell adhesion assay showed that the ratio of the adhesive cells number to the original cells number is greater in the FGF-2 group (79 ± 4) than in the VEGF group (62 ± 4) (P < 0.05). Light microscope identified a better cellular morphology on the adhesive surface in the group with FGF-2 than groups without FGF-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both FGF-2 and VEGF could simulate the proliferation of PDLSC in a dose dependent manner, and showed an synergistic effect. FGF-2 was more effective to promote the adhesive capacity of PDLSC compared with VEGF. VEGF could facilitate the migration of PDLSC to the wound side.</p>

Influence of transfection with human transforming growth factor-beta1 gene on the osteogenic potential of the cultured human gingival fibroblast / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of transfection with human transforming growth factor-beta1 (hTGF-beta1) gene on the osteogenic potential and differentiation of the cultured human gingival fibroblast (GF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enzyme kinetics method was used to measure the effects of the transfection on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Immunohistochemistry stain and image analysis were applied to evaluate the alteration of the content of osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteonectin (ON), osteocalcin (OC) in the GF with transfection. Mineralization nodules formation in vitro was also used.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ALP activity of the GF after transfection was higher than the GF without transfection significantly (P<0.05), and was close to that of the PDLCs (P>0.05). The content of OC in GF was not improved after transfection, was similar with that of PDLCs (P>0.05). Under immunohistochemistry stain, the contents of OPN, ON, BSP expressed in GF with transfection were higher than those of GF without transfection (P<0.05), but similar to those of PDLCs (P>0.05). In the mineralized cultured medium, the nodules were observed in the GF with transfection and PDLCs after 21 days and 24 days alternatively. After von Kossa stain, purple mineralization nodules were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The GF transfected with pcDNA3-hTGF-beta1 could express some osteogenic characters, though these characters are restricted.</p>

An animal experiment for the regeneration of periodontal defect by application of the dual-release chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel system / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of the self-made chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel system with dual-release bone morphogenetic protein and chlorhexidine on periodontal defects repair.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The furcation defect model was established on dog premolar. The models were divided into five groups, including three experimental groups, one control group and one blank control group. The hydrogel with the chlorhexidine/3-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (IC) /rhBMP-2, hydrogel with rhBMP-2, hydrogel with IC, the pure hydrogel were applied to the defects of the four groups, respectively, and the blank control group did not receive any agent. The dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks later and the periodontal regeneration and gingival condition were observed by histological examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Obvious periodontal tissue regeneration was found in group one and two. The heights of new bone reached 99.2% of the defects in group one, 87.8%, 63.6%, 37.0% and 34.3% in group two, three, four and blank control groups, respectively. The inflammation of the affected gingiva showed less significant in group one and group three than in the other groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>rhBMP-2 and chlorhexidine played their independent role in repairing periodontal defects and the dual-release chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel system is effective and convenient to use.</p>

Experimental study on dog's bone marrow stem cells transfected by pIRES2-EGFP-IGF-1 gene / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the bone marrow stem cells (MSC) model which could highly express the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) transfected by dog's IGF-1 gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>pIRES2-EGFP-IGF-1 was transfected into MSC by lipofectamine. Positive clones were selected with G418. The expression of IGF-1 protein in the MSC was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The IGF-1 in the supernatant of the transfected MSC was detected by sandwich-in ELISA. The periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) were cultured in the supernatant of the transfected MSC. The changes of PDLC' proliferation were observed by MTT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IGF-1-transfected MSC could apparently express IGF-1. The IGF-1 protein in the supernatant of the transfected MSC was confirmed by sandwich-in ELISA. IGF-1 could promote the PDLC' proliferation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The MSC transfected by dog's IGF-1 gene can highly express IGF-1, which may lay the foundation for further study on periodontal regeneration.</p>

Effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ on osteocalcin secretion of periodontal ligament cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰon osteocalcin secretion in periodontal ligament cells. Methods: Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured by tissue explant in vitro, and the concentration of osteocalcin were determined with radio-immunological method. Results: Under the condition of L-ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate in culture medium, human periodontal ligament cells secreted osteocalcin time-dependently and peaked at the third week; IGF-Ⅰ3.125 ng/ml，6.250 ng/ml, 12.500 ng/ml, 25.000 ng/ml could promote the secretion of osteocalcin dose dependently. Conclusion: IGF-Ⅰ can increase the secretion of osteocalcin in human periodontal ligament cells.

Effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ on osteocalcin secretion of periodontal ligament cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰon osteocalcin secretion in periodontal ligament cells. Methods: Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured by tissue explant in vitro, and the concentration of osteocalcin were determined with radio-immunological method. Results: Under the condition of L-ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate in culture medium, human periodontal ligament cells secreted osteocalcin time-dependently and peaked at the third week; IGF-Ⅰ3.125 ng/ml，6.250 ng/ml, 12.500 ng/ml, 25.000 ng/ml could promote the secretion of osteocalcin dose dependently. Conclusion: IGF-Ⅰ can increase the secretion of osteocalcin in human periodontal ligament cells.